Loss of redundant gene expression after polyploidization in plants

Based on chromosomal location data of genes encoding 28 biochemical systems in allohexaploid wheat,Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), it is concluded that the proportions of systems controlled by triplicate, duplicate, and single loci are 57%, 25%, and 18% respectively

Resistance to eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotricoides) and distribution of biochemical markers in hexaploid lines derived from double cross (Triticum turgidum x Aegilops ventricosa) x T. aestivum

There are not good intraspecific sources of resistance to the eyespot disea se of wheat, aaused by Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fvon . The -ínterspecifia transfer of genes for resistanoe from Aegitops ventricosa into hexaploid wheat has been only partially achieved, because the degree of resistanoe attained is not as high as that of the donor. We report here on the transfer of resistanoe in a double oross (Triticum turgidum var. rubroatrwv H-1-1 x Ae.ventricosa AP-D x T.aestivum cv. Almatense H-10-15. The high level of resistanoe in a high proportion of the lines strongly suggests a simple genetic control for this oharacter (possibly by one major gene). The gene(s) responsible for resistanoe in the selected lines must be associa ted with the D genome of Aegilops ventricosa on the basis of a detailed study of the distribution of biochemioal markers in the H-93 lines. These results do not exelude that genes with similar effeets might be looated in the M° genome

The Coupling of Shape Dynamics to Matter

Shape Dynamics (SD) is a theory dynamically equivalent to vacuum General Relativity (GR), which has a different set of symmetries. It trades refoliation invariance, present in GR, for local 3-dimensional conformal invariance. This contribution to the Loops 11 conference addresses one of the more urgent questions regarding the equivalence: is it possible to incorporate normal matter in the new framework? The answer is yes, in certain regimes. We present general criteria for coupling and apply it to a few examples.The outcome presents bounds and conditions on scalar densities (such as the Higgs potential and the cosmological constant) not present in GR.Comment: 4 pages. Contribution to Loops '11 conference in Madrid, to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

Un estudio correlacional acerca del síndrome del estar quemado (burnout) y su relación con la personalidad

El presente estudio forma parte de una investigación en la que los autores trabajan el constructo del burnout (“estar quemado”), y utilizando los planteamientos de Maslach y Jackson. En este trabajo se muestra la relación que el constructo tiene con distintas variables de personalidad. La muestra está formada por personal sanitario, tanto mujeres (84,8%) como hombres (15,2%), con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 60 años. Para la medida del burnout, utilizamos el Cuestionario de Burnout para Enfermería (CBE), de Hernández y Olmedo, para medir la extroversión y el neuroticismo utilizamos el E-N, de Pelechano, para medir el locus de control utilizamos el LUCAM, de Pelechano y Báguena, controlamos la variable patrón de conducta tipo A utilizando el de Bortner y, finalmente, para valorar la variable Rigidez utilizamos el cuestionario R-3 de Pelechano. Los resultados indican la existencia de relaciones entre el neuroticismo, el locus de control externo y el patrón A con respecto a determinadas características del síndrome del “estar quemado”. No sucede lo mismo con la dimensión de extroversión ni con la variable rigidez, ninguna de ellas presenta característica alguna con respecto al síndrome.The present study is part of a wider research around burnout. Following the environmental model of burnout proposed by Maslach & Jackson this study focuses on the relationship between burnout and the depression syndrome. A sample of 222 members of the sanitary staff at “Ntra. Sra. de la Candelaria” Hospital of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain), which 187 (84,8%) was women and 35 (15,2%) was men. The ages range between 20-60 years old. Burnout has been evaluated by the Nursing Burnout Questionnaire (CBE, Hernández & Olmedo), the Extroversion and Neuroticism variables has been evaluated by E-N Questionnaire (Pelechano), the Locus of Control has been evaluated by LUCAM (Pelechano y Báguena), the Type A behavior pattern has been evaluated by Bortner Questionnaire, and, finally, the Rigidity has been evaluated by R-3 (Pelechano). Results show the existence of a relationship between neuroticism, external locus of control, type A behavior pattern, and burnout factors

The design and application of lanterns in tent structures

This work describes the design and construction of lanterns and their application in tent structures by looking at four projects in chronological order that have been developed by the Structures Laboratory of the Faculty of Architecture at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) over the last decade. Through these projects this paper deals with the functional and aesthetic aspects of lanterns, their usefulness in assembly and disassembly of tent structures and the materials used in their construction

Eyespot resistance gene Pch-1 from Aegilops ventricosa is associated with a different chromosome in wheat line H-93-70 than the resistance factor in "Roazon" wheat

The hexaploid wheat line H-93-70 carries a gene (Pch-1) that has been transferred from the wild grass Aegilops ventricosa and confers a high degree of resistance to eyespot diesease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Crosses of the resistant line H-93-70 with the susceptible wheat Pané 247 and with a 7D/7Ag wheat/Agropyron substitution line were carried out and F2 kernels were obtained. The kernels were cut transversally and the halves carrying the embryos were used for the resistance test, while the distal halves were used for genetic typing. Biochemical markers were used to discriminate whether the transferred Pch-1 gene was located in chromosome 7D, as is the case for a resistance factor present in Roazon wheat. In the crosses involving Pané 247, resistance was not associated with the 7D locus Pln, which determines sterol ester pattern (dominant allele in H-93-70). In the crosses with the 7D/7Ag substitution line, resistance was neither associated with protein NGE-11 (7D marker), nor alternatively inherited with respect to protein C-7 (7Ag marker). It is concluded that gene Pch-1 represents a different locus and is not an allele of the resistance factor in Roazon whea

Lights, Camera, Action! Exploring Effects of Visual Distractions on Completion of Security Tasks

Human errors in performing security-critical tasks are typically blamed on the complexity of those tasks. However, such errors can also occur because of (possibly unexpected) sensory distractions. A sensory distraction that produces negative effects can be abused by the adversary that controls the environment. Meanwhile, a distraction with positive effects can be artificially introduced to improve user performance. The goal of this work is to explore the effects of visual stimuli on the performance of security-critical tasks. To this end, we experimented with a large number of subjects who were exposed to a range of unexpected visual stimuli while attempting to perform Bluetooth Pairing. Our results clearly demonstrate substantially increased task completion times and markedly lower task success rates. These negative effects are noteworthy, especially, when contrasted with prior results on audio distractions which had positive effects on performance of similar tasks. Experiments were conducted in a novel (fully automated and completely unattended) experimental environment. This yielded more uniform experiments, better scalability and significantly lower financial and logistical burdens. We discuss this experience, including benefits and limitations of the unattended automated experiment paradigm

Further Improvements in the Understanding of Isotropic Loop Quantum Cosmology

The flat, homogeneous, and isotropic universe with a massless scalar field is a paradigmatic model in Loop Quantum Cosmology. In spite of the prominent role that the model has played in the development of this branch of physics, there still remain some aspects of its quantization which deserve a more detailed discussion. These aspects include the kinematical resolution of the cosmological singularity, the precise relation between the solutions of the densitized and non-densitized versions of the quantum Hamiltonian constraint, the possibility of identifying superselection sectors which are as simple as possible, and a clear comprehension of the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) limit associated with the theory in those sectors. We propose an alternative operator to represent the Hamiltonian constraint which is specially suitable to deal with these issues in a satisfactory way. In particular, with our constraint operator, the singularity decouples in the kinematical Hilbert space and can be removed already at this level. Thanks to this fact, we can densitize the quantum Hamiltonian constraint in a rigorous manner. Besides, together with the physical observables, this constraint superselects simple sectors for the universe volume, with a support contained in a single semiaxis of the real line and for which the basic functions that encode the information about the geometry possess optimal physical properties. Namely, they provide a no-boundary description around the cosmological singularity and admit a well-defined WDW limit in terms of standing waves. Both properties explain the presence of a generic quantum bounce replacing the singularity at a fundamental level, in contrast with previous studies where the bounce was proved in concrete regimes and focusing on states with a marked semiclassical behavior.Comment: 13 pages, version accepted for publication in Physical Review